2017年2月3日,一项中国人群数学能力的遗传学研究成果在线发表于Nature出版集团(Nature Publishing Group, NPG)旗下的Scientific Reports杂志上。研究人员通过全基因组关联研究(Genome-Wide Association Study, GWAS)发现了一组与儿童数学能力相关的遗传位点。这是中国人群首个数学能力的GWAS研究,也是世界范围内首次报道遗传位点与数学能力存在显著关联。该研究由博奥颐和健康科学技术(北京)有限公司、生物芯片北京国家工程研究中心、深圳市神经科学研究院、清华大学深圳研究生院、深圳大学、北京蛋白质组研究中心、香港大学等机构共同完成。文章的共同通讯作者是博奥颐和健康科学技术(北京)有限公司、清华大学深圳研究生院的孙义民博士和深圳市神经科学研究院、深圳大学的谭力海教授。
数学能力是人类智力和认知能力的重要组成部分之一,在自然科学、工程、社会、经济、人文等领域具有重要作用,与人们的日常生活息息相关。数学能力不仅与后天的教育和训练有关,还与先天的遗传因素有关。数学能力的遗传学基础研究能够为提高人们的数学能力提供理论依据,还有助于大脑智力活动和认知能力的深入探索。
在该项研究中,研究人员对来自山东地区的1500多名2-6年级小学生的数学能力进行了评估,并将数学能力作为连续性变量进行关联分析。在GWAS的发现阶段(discovery stage),研究人员通过全基因组微阵列芯片对近千名小学生进行基因分型,从上百万个遗传位点中筛选与数学能力相关的候选位点。随后,通过飞行时间质谱又在500多名小学生中对28个候选位点进行了独立验证。发现阶段与验证阶段的综合分析结果显示,一组单核苷酸多态性位点(SNP)与数学能力存在显著关联。这组遗传位点位于染色体5q31.2的SPOCK1基因内含子区域内,包含4个高度连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium)的SNP,分别是rs1012694, rs11743006, rs17778739和rs17777541。
SPOCK1基因编码睾丸蛋白聚糖-1(testican-1),这是一种高度保守的糖蛋白。据文献报道,该基因不仅与肿瘤的发展和预后有关,还与神经发育有关。研究发现SPOCK1基因的变异位点与儿童数学能力有关,为数学能力的遗传基础提供了理论依据,为将来深入探索人类智力和认知能力开辟了新的方向。
原文标题:
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Mathematics Ability
原文摘要:
Mathematics ability is a complex cognitive trait with polygenic heritability. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been an effective approach to investigate genetic components underlying mathematic ability. Although previous studies reported several candidate genetic variants, none of them exceeded genome-wide significant threshold in general populations. Herein, we performed GWAS in Chinese elementary school students to identify potential genetic variants associated with mathematics ability. The discovery stage included 494 and 504 individuals from two independent cohorts respectively. The replication stage included another cohort of 599 individuals. In total, 28 of 81 candidate SNPs that met validation criteria were further replicated. Combined meta-analysis of three cohorts identified four SNPs (rs1012694, rs11743006, rs17778739 and rs17777541) of SPOCK1 gene showing association with mathematics ability (minimum p value 5.67×10−10, maximum β −2.43). The SPOCK1 gene is located on chromosome 5q31.2 and encodes a highly conserved glycoprotein testican-1 which was associated with tumor progression and prognosis as well as neurogenesis. This is the first study to report genome-wide significant association of individual SNPs with mathematics ability in general populations. Our preliminary results further supported the role of SPOCK1 during neurodevelopment. The genetic complexities underlying mathematics ability might contribute to explain the basis of human cognition and intelligence at genetic level.
原文链接:
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40365
来源:博奥颐和
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